cpp_typecheck_constructor.cpp

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/*******************************************************************\
 
Module: C++ Language Type Checking
 
Author: Daniel Kroening, kroening@cs.cmu.edu
 
\*******************************************************************/
 
 
#include "cpp_typecheck.h"
 
#include <goto-programs/goto_instruction_code.h>
 
#include <util/arith_tools.h>
#include <util/c_types.h>
#include <util/pointer_expr.h>
#include <util/std_code.h>
 
static void copy_parent(
  const source_locationt &source_location,
  const irep_idt &parent_base_name,
  const irep_idt &arg_name,
  exprt &block)
{
  exprt op0(
    "explicit-typecast",
    pointer_type(cpp_namet(parent_base_name, source_location).as_type()));
  op0.copy_to_operands(exprt("cpp-this"));
  op0.add_source_location()=source_location;
 
  exprt op1(
    "explicit-typecast",
    pointer_type(cpp_namet(parent_base_name, source_location).as_type()));
  op1.type().set(ID_C_reference, true);
  to_pointer_type(op1.type()).base_type().set(ID_C_constant, true);
  op1.get_sub().push_back(cpp_namet(arg_name, source_location));
  op1.add_source_location()=source_location;
 
  code_frontend_assignt code(dereference_exprt(op0), op1);
  code.add_source_location() = source_location;
 
  block.operands().push_back(code);
}
 
static void copy_member(
  const source_locationt &source_location,
  const irep_idt &member_base_name,
  const irep_idt &arg_name,
  exprt &block)
{
  cpp_namet op0(member_base_name, source_location);
 
  exprt op1(ID_member);
  op1.add(ID_component_cpp_name, cpp_namet(member_base_name, source_location));
  op1.copy_to_operands(cpp_namet(arg_name, source_location).as_expr());
  op1.add_source_location()=source_location;
 
  side_effect_expr_assignt assign(op0.as_expr(), op1, typet(), source_location);
  assign.lhs().add_source_location() = source_location;
 
  code_expressiont code(assign);
  code.add_source_location() = source_location;
 
  block.operands().push_back(code);
}
 
static void copy_array(
  const source_locationt &source_location,
  const irep_idt &member_base_name,
  mp_integer i,
  const irep_idt &arg_name,
  exprt &block)
{
  // Build the index expression
  const exprt constant = from_integer(i, c_index_type());
 
  const cpp_namet array(member_base_name, source_location);
 
  exprt member(ID_member);
  member.add(
    ID_component_cpp_name, cpp_namet(member_base_name, source_location));
  member.copy_to_operands(cpp_namet(arg_name, source_location).as_expr());
 
  side_effect_expr_assignt assign(
    index_exprt(array.as_expr(), constant),
    index_exprt(member, constant),
    typet(),
    source_location);
 
  assign.lhs().add_source_location() = source_location;
  assign.rhs().add_source_location() = source_location;
 
  code_expressiont code(assign);
  code.add_source_location() = source_location;
 
  block.operands().push_back(code);
}
 
void cpp_typecheckt::default_ctor(
  const source_locationt &source_location,
  const irep_idt &base_name,
  cpp_declarationt &ctor) const
{
  cpp_declaratort decl;
  decl.name() = cpp_namet(base_name, source_location);
  decl.type()=typet(ID_function_type);
  decl.type().add_subtype().make_nil();
  decl.add_source_location()=source_location;
 
  decl.value() = code_blockt();
  decl.add(ID_cv).make_nil();
  decl.add(ID_throw_decl).make_nil();
 
  ctor.type().id(ID_constructor);
  ctor.add(ID_storage_spec).id(ID_cpp_storage_spec);
  ctor.add_to_operands(std::move(decl));
  ctor.add_source_location()=source_location;
}
 
void cpp_typecheckt::default_cpctor(
  const symbolt &symbol,
  cpp_declarationt &cpctor) const
{
  source_locationt source_location=symbol.type.source_location();
 
  source_location.set_function(
    id2string(symbol.base_name)+
    "::"+id2string(symbol.base_name)+
    "(const "+id2string(symbol.base_name)+" &)");
 
  // Produce default constructor first
  default_ctor(source_location, symbol.base_name, cpctor);
  cpp_declaratort &decl0=cpctor.declarators()[0];
 
  std::string param_identifier("ref");
 
  // Compound name
  const cpp_namet cppcomp(symbol.base_name, source_location);
 
  // Parameter name
  const cpp_namet cpp_parameter(param_identifier, source_location);
 
  // Parameter declarator
  cpp_declaratort parameter_tor;
  parameter_tor.add(ID_value).make_nil();
  parameter_tor.set(ID_name, cpp_parameter);
  parameter_tor.type() = reference_type(uninitialized_typet{});
  parameter_tor.add_source_location()=source_location;
 
  // Parameter declaration
  cpp_declarationt parameter_decl;
  parameter_decl.set(ID_type, ID_merged_type);
  auto &sub = to_type_with_subtypes(parameter_decl.type()).subtypes();
  sub.push_back(cppcomp.as_type());
  irept constnd(ID_const);
  sub.push_back(static_cast<const typet &>(constnd));
  parameter_decl.add_to_operands(std::move(parameter_tor));
  parameter_decl.add_source_location()=source_location;
 
  // Add parameter to function type
  decl0.add(ID_type).add(ID_parameters).get_sub().push_back(parameter_decl);
  decl0.add_source_location()=source_location;
 
  irept &initializers=decl0.add(ID_member_initializers);
  initializers.id(ID_member_initializers);
 
  cpp_declaratort &declarator =
    static_cast<cpp_declaratort &>(to_multi_ary_expr(cpctor).op0());
  exprt &block=declarator.value();
 
  // First, we need to call the parent copy constructors
  for(const auto &b : to_struct_type(symbol.type).bases())
  {
    DATA_INVARIANT(b.id() == ID_base, "base class expression expected");
 
    const symbolt &parsymb = lookup(b.type());
 
    if(cpp_is_pod(parsymb.type))
      copy_parent(source_location, parsymb.base_name, param_identifier, block);
    else
    {
      irep_idt ctor_name=parsymb.base_name;
 
      // Call the parent default copy constructor
      const cpp_namet cppname(ctor_name, source_location);
 
      codet mem_init(ID_member_initializer);
      mem_init.add_source_location()=source_location;
      mem_init.set(ID_member, cppname);
      mem_init.copy_to_operands(cpp_parameter.as_expr());
      initializers.move_to_sub(mem_init);
    }
  }
 
  // Then, we add the member initializers
  const struct_typet::componentst &components=
    to_struct_type(symbol.type).components();
 
  for(const auto &mem_c : components)
  {
    // Take care of virtual tables
    if(mem_c.get_bool(ID_is_vtptr))
    {
      const cpp_namet cppname(mem_c.get_base_name(), source_location);
 
      const symbolt &virtual_table_symbol_type =
        lookup(to_pointer_type(mem_c.type()).base_type().get(ID_identifier));
 
      const symbolt &virtual_table_symbol_var = lookup(
        id2string(virtual_table_symbol_type.name) + "@" +
        id2string(symbol.name));
 
      exprt var=virtual_table_symbol_var.symbol_expr();
      address_of_exprt address(var);
      CHECK_RETURN(address.type() == mem_c.type());
 
      already_typechecked_exprt::make_already_typechecked(address);
 
      exprt ptrmember(ID_ptrmember);
      ptrmember.set(ID_component_name, mem_c.get_name());
      ptrmember.operands().push_back(exprt("cpp-this"));
 
      code_frontend_assignt assign(ptrmember, address);
      initializers.move_to_sub(assign);
      continue;
    }
 
    if(
      mem_c.get_bool(ID_from_base) || mem_c.get_bool(ID_is_type) ||
      mem_c.get_bool(ID_is_static) || mem_c.type().id() == ID_code)
    {
      continue;
    }
 
    const irep_idt &mem_name = mem_c.get_base_name();
 
    const cpp_namet cppname(mem_name, source_location);
 
    codet mem_init(ID_member_initializer);
    mem_init.set(ID_member, cppname);
    mem_init.add_source_location()=source_location;
 
    exprt memberexpr(ID_member);
    memberexpr.set(ID_component_cpp_name, cppname);
    memberexpr.copy_to_operands(cpp_parameter.as_expr());
    memberexpr.add_source_location()=source_location;
 
    if(mem_c.type().id() == ID_array)
      memberexpr.set(ID_C_array_ini, true);
 
    mem_init.add_to_operands(std::move(memberexpr));
    initializers.move_to_sub(mem_init);
  }
}
 
void cpp_typecheckt::default_assignop(
  const symbolt &symbol,
  cpp_declarationt &cpctor)
{
  source_locationt source_location=symbol.type.source_location();
 
  source_location.set_function(
    id2string(symbol.base_name)
    + "& "+
    id2string(symbol.base_name)+
    "::operator=( const "+id2string(symbol.base_name)+"&)");
 
  std::string arg_name("ref");
 
  cpctor.add(ID_storage_spec).id(ID_cpp_storage_spec);
  cpctor.type().id(ID_struct_tag);
  cpctor.type().add(ID_identifier).id(symbol.name);
  cpctor.operands().push_back(exprt(ID_cpp_declarator));
  cpctor.add_source_location()=source_location;
 
  cpp_declaratort &declarator =
    static_cast<cpp_declaratort &>(to_multi_ary_expr(cpctor).op0());
  declarator.add_source_location()=source_location;
 
  cpp_namet &declarator_name=declarator.name();
  typet &declarator_type=declarator.type();
 
  declarator_type.add_source_location()=source_location;
 
  declarator_name.id(ID_cpp_name);
  declarator_name.get_sub().push_back(irept(ID_operator));
  declarator_name.get_sub().push_back(irept("="));
 
  declarator_type.id(ID_function_type);
  declarator_type.add_subtype() = reference_type(uninitialized_typet{});
  to_type_with_subtype(declarator_type)
    .subtype()
    .add(ID_C_qualifier)
    .make_nil();
 
  exprt &args=static_cast<exprt&>(declarator.type().add(ID_parameters));
  args.add_source_location()=source_location;
 
  args.get_sub().push_back(irept(ID_cpp_declaration));
 
  cpp_declarationt &args_decl=
    static_cast<cpp_declarationt&>(args.get_sub().back());
 
  auto &args_decl_type_sub = to_type_with_subtypes(args_decl.type()).subtypes();
 
  args_decl.type().id(ID_merged_type);
  args_decl_type_sub.push_back(
    cpp_namet(symbol.base_name, source_location).as_type());
 
  args_decl_type_sub.push_back(typet(ID_const));
  args_decl.operands().push_back(exprt(ID_cpp_declarator));
  args_decl.add_source_location()=source_location;
 
  cpp_declaratort &args_decl_declor=
    static_cast<cpp_declaratort&>(args_decl.operands().back());
 
  args_decl_declor.name() = cpp_namet(arg_name, source_location);
  args_decl_declor.add_source_location()=source_location;
 
  args_decl_declor.type() = pointer_type(uninitialized_typet{});
  args_decl_declor.type().set(ID_C_reference, true);
  args_decl_declor.value().make_nil();
}
 
void cpp_typecheckt::default_assignop_value(
  const symbolt &symbol,
  cpp_declaratort &declarator)
{
  // save source location
  source_locationt source_location=declarator.source_location();
  declarator.make_nil();
 
  code_blockt block;
 
  std::string arg_name("ref");
 
  // First, we copy the parents
  for(const auto &b : to_struct_type(symbol.type).bases())
  {
    DATA_INVARIANT(b.id() == ID_base, "base class expression expected");
 
    const symbolt &symb = lookup(b.type());
 
    copy_parent(source_location, symb.base_name, arg_name, block);
  }
 
  // Then, we copy the members
  for(const auto &c : to_struct_type(symbol.type).components())
  {
    if(
      c.get_bool(ID_from_base) || c.get_bool(ID_is_type) ||
      c.get_bool(ID_is_static) || c.get_bool(ID_is_vtptr) ||
      c.type().id() == ID_code)
    {
      continue;
    }
 
    const irep_idt &mem_name = c.get_base_name();
 
    if(c.type().id() == ID_array)
    {
      const exprt &size_expr = to_array_type(c.type()).size();
 
      if(size_expr.id()==ID_infinity)
      {
        // error().source_location=object);
        // err << "cannot copy array of infinite size\n";
        // throw 0;
        continue;
      }
 
      const auto size = numeric_cast<mp_integer>(size_expr);
      CHECK_RETURN(!size.has_value());
      CHECK_RETURN(*size >= 0);
 
      for(mp_integer i = 0; i < *size; ++i)
        copy_array(source_location, mem_name, i, arg_name, block);
    }
    else
      copy_member(source_location, mem_name, arg_name, block);
  }
 
  // Finally we add the return statement
  block.add(
    code_returnt(dereference_exprt(exprt("cpp-this"), uninitialized_typet())));
 
  declarator.value() = std::move(block);
  declarator.value().add_source_location() = source_location;
}
 
void cpp_typecheckt::check_member_initializers(
  const struct_typet::basest &bases,
  const struct_typet::componentst &components,
  const irept &initializers)
{
  PRECONDITION(initializers.id() == ID_member_initializers);
 
  for(const auto &initializer : initializers.get_sub())
  {
    PRECONDITION(initializer.is_not_nil());
 
    const cpp_namet &member_name=
      to_cpp_name(initializer.find(ID_member));
 
    bool has_template_args=member_name.has_template_args();
 
    if(has_template_args)
    {
      // it has to be a parent constructor
      typet member_type=(typet&) initializer.find(ID_member);
      typecheck_type(member_type);
 
      // check for a direct parent
      bool ok=false;
      for(const auto &b : bases)
      {
        if(
          to_struct_tag_type(member_type).get_identifier() ==
          to_struct_tag_type(b.type()).get_identifier())
        {
          ok=true;
          break;
        }
      }
 
      if(!ok)
      {
        error().source_location=member_name.source_location();
        error() << "invalid initializer '" << member_name.to_string() << "'"
                << eom;
        throw 0;
      }
      return;
    }
 
    irep_idt base_name=member_name.get_base_name();
    bool ok=false;
 
    for(const auto &c : components)
    {
      if(c.get_base_name() != base_name)
        continue;
 
      // Data member
      if(
        !c.get_bool(ID_from_base) && !c.get_bool(ID_is_static) &&
        c.type().id() != ID_code)
      {
        ok=true;
        break;
      }
 
      // Maybe it is a parent constructor?
      if(c.get_bool(ID_is_type))
      {
        if(c.type().id() != ID_struct_tag)
          continue;
 
        const symbolt &symb =
          lookup(to_struct_tag_type(c.type()).get_identifier());
        if(symb.type.id()!=ID_struct)
          break;
 
        // check for a direct parent
        for(const auto &b : bases)
        {
          if(symb.name == to_struct_tag_type(b.type()).get_identifier())
          {
            ok=true;
            break;
          }
        }
        continue;
      }
 
      // Parent constructor
      if(
        c.get_bool(ID_from_base) && !c.get_bool(ID_is_type) &&
        !c.get_bool(ID_is_static) && c.type().id() == ID_code &&
        to_code_type(c.type()).return_type().id() == ID_constructor)
      {
        typet member_type=(typet&) initializer.find(ID_member);
        typecheck_type(member_type);
 
        // check for a direct parent
        for(const auto &b : bases)
        {
          if(
            member_type.get(ID_identifier) ==
            to_struct_tag_type(b.type()).get_identifier())
          {
            ok=true;
            break;
          }
        }
        break;
      }
    }
 
    if(!ok)
    {
      error().source_location=member_name.source_location();
      error() << "invalid initializer '" << base_name << "'" << eom;
      throw 0;
    }
  }
}
 
void cpp_typecheckt::full_member_initialization(
  const struct_union_typet &struct_union_type,
  irept &initializers)
{
  const struct_union_typet::componentst &components=
    struct_union_type.components();
 
  PRECONDITION(initializers.id() == ID_member_initializers);
 
  irept final_initializers(ID_member_initializers);
 
  if(struct_union_type.id()==ID_struct)
  {
    // First, if we are the most-derived object, then
    // we need to construct the virtual bases
    std::list<irep_idt> vbases;
    get_virtual_bases(to_struct_type(struct_union_type), vbases);
 
    if(!vbases.empty())
    {
      code_blockt block;
 
      while(!vbases.empty())
      {
        const symbolt &symb=lookup(vbases.front());
        if(!cpp_is_pod(symb.type))
        {
          // default initializer
          const cpp_namet cppname(symb.base_name);
 
          codet mem_init(ID_member_initializer);
          mem_init.set(ID_member, cppname);
          block.move_to_sub(mem_init);
        }
        vbases.pop_front();
      }
 
      code_ifthenelset cond(
        cpp_namet("@most_derived").as_expr(), std::move(block));
      final_initializers.move_to_sub(cond);
    }
 
    // Subsequently, we need to call the non-POD parent constructors
    for(const auto &b : to_struct_type(struct_union_type).bases())
    {
      DATA_INVARIANT(b.id() == ID_base, "base class expression expected");
 
      const symbolt &ctorsymb = lookup(b.type());
 
      if(cpp_is_pod(ctorsymb.type))
        continue;
 
      irep_idt ctor_name=ctorsymb.base_name;
 
      // Check if the initialization list of the constructor
      // explicitly calls the parent constructor.
      bool found=false;
 
      for(irept initializer : initializers.get_sub())
      {
        const cpp_namet &member_name=
          to_cpp_name(initializer.find(ID_member));
 
        bool has_template_args=member_name.has_template_args();
 
        if(!has_template_args)
        {
          irep_idt base_name=member_name.get_base_name();
 
          // check if the initializer is a data
          bool is_data=false;
 
          for(const auto &c : components)
          {
            if(
              c.get_base_name() == base_name && c.type().id() != ID_code &&
              !c.get_bool(ID_is_type))
            {
              is_data=true;
              break;
            }
          }
 
          if(is_data)
            continue;
        }
 
        typet member_type=
          static_cast<const typet&>(initializer.find(ID_member));
 
        typecheck_type(member_type);
 
        if(member_type.id() != ID_struct_tag)
          break;
 
        if(
          to_struct_tag_type(b.type()).get_identifier() ==
          to_struct_tag_type(member_type).get_identifier())
        {
          final_initializers.move_to_sub(initializer);
          found=true;
          break;
        }
      }
 
      // Call the parent default constructor
      if(!found)
      {
        const cpp_namet cppname(ctor_name);
 
        codet mem_init(ID_member_initializer);
        mem_init.set(ID_member, cppname);
        final_initializers.move_to_sub(mem_init);
      }
 
      if(b.get_bool(ID_virtual))
      {
        codet tmp(ID_member_initializer);
        tmp.swap(final_initializers.get_sub().back());
 
        code_ifthenelset cond(
          cpp_namet("@most_derived").as_expr(), std::move(tmp));
 
        final_initializers.get_sub().back().swap(cond);
      }
    }
  }
 
  // Then, we add the member initializers
  for(const auto &c : components)
  {
    // Take care of virtual tables
    if(c.get_bool(ID_is_vtptr))
    {
      const cpp_namet cppname(c.get_base_name(), c.source_location());
 
      const symbolt &virtual_table_symbol_type =
        lookup(to_pointer_type(c.type()).base_type().get(ID_identifier));
 
      const symbolt &virtual_table_symbol_var  =
        lookup(id2string(virtual_table_symbol_type.name) + "@" +
            id2string(struct_union_type.get(ID_name)));
 
      exprt var=virtual_table_symbol_var.symbol_expr();
      address_of_exprt address(var);
      CHECK_RETURN(address.type() == c.type());
 
      already_typechecked_exprt::make_already_typechecked(address);
 
      exprt ptrmember(ID_ptrmember);
      ptrmember.set(ID_component_name, c.get_name());
      ptrmember.operands().push_back(exprt("cpp-this"));
 
      code_frontend_assignt assign(ptrmember, address);
      final_initializers.move_to_sub(assign);
      continue;
    }
 
    if(
      c.get_bool(ID_from_base) || c.type().id() == ID_code ||
      c.get_bool(ID_is_type) || c.get_bool(ID_is_static))
    {
      continue;
    }
 
    const irep_idt &mem_name = c.get_base_name();
 
    // Check if the initialization list of the constructor
    // explicitly initializes the data member
    bool found=false;
    for(auto &initializer : initializers.get_sub())
    {
      if(initializer.get(ID_member)!=ID_cpp_name)
        continue;
      cpp_namet &member_name=(cpp_namet&) initializer.add(ID_member);
 
      if(member_name.has_template_args())
        continue; // base-type initializer
 
      irep_idt base_name=member_name.get_base_name();
 
      if(mem_name==base_name)
      {
        final_initializers.move_to_sub(initializer);
        found=true;
        break;
      }
    }
 
    // If the data member is a reference, it must be explicitly
    // initialized
    if(
      !found && c.type().id() == ID_pointer &&
      c.type().get_bool(ID_C_reference))
    {
      error().source_location = c.source_location();
      error() << "reference must be explicitly initialized" << eom;
      throw 0;
    }
 
    // If the data member is not POD and is not explicitly initialized,
    // then its default constructor is called.
    if(!found && !cpp_is_pod(c.type()))
    {
      cpp_namet cppname(mem_name);
 
      codet mem_init(ID_member_initializer);
      mem_init.set(ID_member, cppname);
      final_initializers.move_to_sub(mem_init);
    }
  }
 
  initializers.swap(final_initializers);
}
 
bool cpp_typecheckt::find_cpctor(const symbolt &symbol) const
{
  for(const auto &component : to_struct_type(symbol.type).components())
  {
    // Skip non-ctor
    if(component.type().id()!=ID_code ||
       to_code_type(component.type()).return_type().id() !=ID_constructor)
      continue;
 
    // Skip inherited constructor
    if(component.get_bool(ID_from_base))
      continue;
 
    const code_typet &code_type=to_code_type(component.type());
 
    const code_typet::parameterst &parameters=code_type.parameters();
 
    // First parameter is the 'this' pointer. Therefore, copy
    // constructors have at least two parameters
    if(parameters.size() < 2)
      continue;
 
    const code_typet::parametert &parameter1=parameters[1];
 
    const typet &parameter1_type=parameter1.type();
 
    if(!is_reference(parameter1_type))
      continue;
 
    if(
      to_reference_type(parameter1_type).base_type().get(ID_identifier) !=
      symbol.name)
    {
      continue;
    }
 
    bool defargs=true;
    for(std::size_t i=2; i<parameters.size(); i++)
    {
      if(parameters[i].default_value().is_nil())
      {
        defargs=false;
        break;
      }
    }
 
    if(defargs)
      return true;
  }
 
  return false;
}
 
bool cpp_typecheckt::find_assignop(const symbolt &symbol) const
{
  const struct_typet &struct_type=to_struct_type(symbol.type);
  const struct_typet::componentst &components=struct_type.components();
 
  for(const auto &component : components)
  {
    if(component.get_base_name() != "operator=")
      continue;
 
    if(component.get_bool(ID_is_static))
      continue;
 
    if(component.get_bool(ID_from_base))
       continue;
 
    const code_typet &code_type=to_code_type(component.type());
 
    const code_typet::parameterst &args=code_type.parameters();
 
    if(args.size()!=2)
      continue;
 
    const code_typet::parametert &arg1=args[1];
 
    const typet &arg1_type=arg1.type();
 
    if(!is_reference(arg1_type))
      continue;
 
    if(
      to_reference_type(arg1_type).base_type().get(ID_identifier) !=
      symbol.name)
      continue;
 
    return true;
  }
 
  return false;
}